Establishment and Renovation

Looking for the best way to maintain a lawn? Find expert advice on lawn mowing, irrigation, and managing grass through the seasons. Get lawn care tips and information on managing thatch and aerating turfgrass.

Lawn Establishment

The first step to proper lawn establishment is selecting seed that is best adapted to the site conditions and suits the intended use of the turf. Note that species that do not fit the conditions at the site can lead to a thin stand that is more prone to soil erosion and weed infestation. Additional characteristics to consider when planning a lawn include seed quality, maintenance requirements, water needs, and traffic tolerance.

Performing a soil test before seeding is one of the fundamental steps in turfgrass establishment that will help determine the nutrients that should be incorporated into the soil. Along with the test results, the final report should include recommendations for fertilizer, lime, and soil physical amendments.

In this section, find further information on establishing new lawns and using composts to improve turf performance. Beginner and seasonal landscape employees can take advantage of the New Lawn Establishment training and learn more about preparing the site, seeding, and maintaining turfgrass.

Lawn Maintenance: Irrigation, Fertilization, Mowing, and Aeration

Newly established lawns require careful maintenance. Keeping the seed and soil moist should be a top priority, especially during the first few weeks. It is also sensible to establish a lawn watering program that embodies the frequency of irrigation, as well as the amount of water to apply and the manner of applying it. Irrigation water quality should be considered, as well.

Fertilization is a vital part of improving and maintaining good-quality turf. Generally speaking, grass plants need certain nutrients in amounts greater than what is supplied naturally. The amount of phosphorus and potassium needed can be determined by a soil test. Many turfgrasses can further benefit from annual applications of nitrogen fertilizers.

Mowing is another important aspect of lawn maintenance and management. Lawns should be mowed on a regular basis and the frequency depends on the growth rate of the grass. During growth peaks in spring, for instance, lawns may require mowing more than once a week.

Aeration is a process used to alleviate soil compaction by creating an artificial system that carries moisture, lime, or nutrients into the soil. It is advised to use aerators during cool weather to stimulate rapid grass recovery. Additionally, for the aerator to penetrate the turf, it is necessary to ensure adequate moisture.

Lawn Renovation

Lawn renovation often requires a certain time and financial commitment. Before doing any renovation, the underlying cause of turf damage should be determined and corrected. Common reasons for turf deterioration include shade problems, as well as weed infestations, diseases, and insect pests.

If the damage is caused by shade, it may be reasonable to consider pruning and removing trees. Planting species adapted to shaded conditions is a viable option, as well.

Weeds, diseases, and insects are a common problem in the turfgrass industry. The pests that are causing deterioration should be promptly identified and managed. Learn more about identifying and controlling common pest issues with Penn State Extension’s Managing Turfgrass Diseases guide.

On this page, discover Penn State Extension resources on turfgrass renovation, lawn overseeding, topdressing, fertilization, and pest management.